WAVE ENERGY- POWERBUOY

PowerBuoy

Ocean Power Technologies

US

Buoy

Offshore

Hydroelectric turbine

1997

The Pacific Northwest Generating Cooperative is funding construction of a commercial wave-power park at Reedsport, Oregon using buoys.[58] The rise and fall of the waves moves a rack and pinion within the buoy and spins a generator.[59] The electricity is transmitted by a submerged transmission line. The buoys are designed to be installed one to five miles (8 km) offshore in water 100 to 200 feet (60 m) deep.[60] PB150 PowerBuoy with peak-rated power output of 150 kW

OPERATION

The rising and falling of the waves offshore causes the buoy to move freely up and down. The resultant mechanical stroking drives an electrical generator. The generated wave power is transmitted ashore via an underwater power cable.

PELAMIS WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

Pelamis Wave Energy Converter

Pelamis Wave Power

UK (Scottish)

Surface-following attenuator

Offshore

Hydraulic

1998

As waves pass along a series of semi-submerged cylindrical sections linked by hinged joints, the sections move relative to one another. This motion activates hydraulic cylinderswhich pump high pressure oil through hydraulic motors which drive electrical generators.[55] The first working Pelamis machine was installed in 2004 at the European Marine Energy Center (EMEC) in Orkney. Here, it became the world's first offshore wave energy device to generate electricity into a national grid anywhere in the world.[56] The later P2, owned by E.ON, started grid connected tests off Orkney in 2010.[57] Agucadoura Wave Farm in Portugal, first commercial application of the Pelamis design (2008)

OPERATION
As the waves move the joints up and down and side to side, hydraulic rams move according to them pumping high pressure oil to hydraulic motors which then drive electric generators to produce electricity.

 

WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

Anaconda Wave Energy Converter	Checkmate SeaEnergy.[25]	UK	Surface-following attenuator	Offshore	Hydroelectric turbine	2008	In the early stages of development, the device is a 200 metres (660 ft) long rubber tube which is tethered underwater. Passing waves will instigate a wave inside the tube, which will then propagates down its walls, driving a turbine at the far end.[25][26]
AquaBuOY	Finavera Wind Energy, later SSE Renewables Limited	Ireland-Canada-Scotland	Buoy	Offshore	Hydroelectric turbine	2003	In 2009 Finavera Renewables surrendered its wave energy permits from FERC.[27] In July 2010 Finavera announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell all assets and intellectual property related to the AquaBuOY wave energy technology.[27][28][29][30]
AWS-iii	AWS Ocean Energy	UK (Scotland)	Surface-following attenuator?	Offshore	Air turbine	2010	The AWS-III is a floating toroidal vessel. It has rubber membranes on the outer faces which deform as waves pass, moving air inside chambers which in turn drive air-turbines to generate electricity. AWS Ocean tested a 1/9 scale model in Loch Ness in 2010, and are now working on a full sized version which will be 60m across and should generate 2.5 MW. It is envisage these will be installed in offshore farms moored in around 100m depth of water.[31][32][33][34]
CETO Wave Power	Carnegie	Australia	Buoy	Offshore	Pump-to-shore	1999	As of 2008, the device is being tested off Fremantle, Western Australia,[35] the device consists of a single piston pump attached to the sea floor with a float (buoy) tethered to the piston. Waves cause the float to rise and fall, generating pressurized water, which is piped to an onshore facility to drive hydraulic generators or run reverse osmosis water desalination.[35][36]
Crestwing	Crestwing ApS	Denmark	Surface-following attenuator	Offshore	Mechanical	2011	The device consists of two floats connected by a hinge. It uses atmospheric pressure acting on its large area to stick to the ocean surface. This allows it to follow the waves. Motion of the two floats relative to each other is transferred to electricity by a mechanical power take-off system. As of 2014, there is a 1:5 scale prototype that has been tested in the sea near Frederikshavn.[37]
Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter	Atargis Energy Corporation	USA	Fully Submerged Wave Termination Device	Offshore	Direct Drive Generator	2006	In the tank testing stage of development, the device is a 20 metres (66 ft) diameter fully submerged rotor with two hydrofoils. Numerical studies have shown greater than 99% wave power termination capabilities.[38] These were confirmed by experiments in a small 2D wave flume[39] as well as a large offshore wave basin.
FlanSea (Flanders Electricity from the Sea)	FlanSea	Belgium	Buoy	Offshore	Hydroelectric turbine	2010	A point absorber buoy developed for use in the southern North Sea conditions.[31][32][33] It works by means of a cable that due to the bobbing effect of the buoy, generates electricity.[40][41][42]
Islay LIMPET	Islay LIMPET	Scotland	oscillating water column	Onshore	Air turbine	1991	500 kW shoreline device uses an oscillating water column to drive air in and out of a pressure chamber through a Wells turbine.[43][44][45]
Lysekil Project	Uppsala University	Sweden	Buoy	Offshore	Linear generator	2002	Direct driven linear generator placed on the seabed, connected to a buoy at the surface via a line. The movements of the buoy will drive the translator in the generator.[46][47]
Oceanlinx	Oceanlinx	Australia	OWC	Nearshore & Offshore	air turbine	1997	Wave energy is captured with an Oscillating Water Column and electricity is generated by air flowing through a turbine. The third medium scale demonstration unit near Port Kembla, NSW, Australia, a medium scale system that was grid connected in early 2010.[48] In May 2010, the wave energy generator snapped from its mooring lines in extreme seas and sank on Port Kembla's eastern breakwater.[49] A full scale commercial nearshore unit, greenWAVE, with a capacity of 1MW will be installed off Port MacDonnell in South Australia before the end of 2013.[50]
OE buoy	Ocean Energy	Ireland	Buoy	Offshore	Air turbine	2006	In September 2009 completed a 2-year sea trial in one quarter scale form. The OE buoy has only one moving part.[51]
OWEL	Ocean Wave Energy Ltd	UK	Wave Surge Converter	Offshore	Air turbine	2013	The surging motion of long period waves compresses air in a tapered duct which is then used to drive an air turbine mounted on top of the floating vessel.[52] The design of a full scale demonstration project was completed in Spring 2013, ready for fabrication.[53]
Oyster wave energy converter	Aquamarine Power	UK (Scots-Irish)	Oscillating wave surge converter	Nearshore	Pump-to-shore (hydro-electric turbine)	2005	A hinged mechanical flap attached to the seabed captures the energy of nearshore waves. It drives hydraulic pistons to deliver high pressure water to an onshore turbine which generates electricity. In November 2009, the first full-scale demonstrator Oyster began producing power at the European Marine Energy Centre's wave test site at Billia Croo in Orkney.[54]

38/50 kW, R115/150 kW	40South Energy	UK	Underwater attenuator	Offshore	Electrical conversion	2010	These machines work by extracting energy from the relative motion between one Upper Member and one Lower Member, following an innovative method which earned the company one UKTI Research & Development Award in 2011.[61] A first generation full scale prototype for this solution was tested offshore in 2010,[62][63][64] and a second generation full scale prototype was tested offshore during 2011.[65] In 2012 the first units were sold to clients in various countries, for delivery within the year.[66][67] The first reduced scale prototypes were tested offshore during 2007, but the company decided to remain in a "stealth mode" until May 2010[68] and is now recognized as one of the technological innovators in the sector.[69] The company initially considered installing at Wave Hub in 2012,[70] but that project is on hold for now. The R38/50 kW is rated at 50 kW while the R115/150 kW is rated at 150 kW.
SDE Sea Waves Power Plant	SDE Energy Ltd.	Israel	Buoy	Nearshore	Hydroelectric turbine	2010	A breakwater-based wave energy converter, this device is built close to the shore and utilizes the vertical motion of buoys for creating hydraulic pressure which in turn operates the system's generators. In 2010 it began construction of a new 250 kWh model in the port of Jaffa, Tel Aviv and preparing to construct its standing orders for a 100 MWh power plants in the islands of Zanzibar and Kosrae, Micronesia.
SeaRaser	Alvin Smith (Dartmouth Wave Energy)\Ecotricity	UK	Buoy	Nearshore	Hydraulic ram	2008	Consisting of a piston pump(s) attached to the sea floor with a float (buoy) tethered to the piston. Waves cause the float to rise and fall, generating pressurized water, which is piped to resoviors onshore which then drive hydraulic generators.[71][72] It is currently "undergoing extensive modelling ahead of a sea trial" [73]
Squid/ WaveNET	AlbaTERN	UK (Scotland)	Multi-point absorber	Nearshore	Hydraulic?	2011	A 10 kW Squid prototype was tested at EMEC in 2011.[74] The company have since secured funding through the WATERS2 project, to further develop the device including developing arrays.[75]
Unnamed Ocean Wave-Powered Generator	SRI International	US	Buoy	Offshore	Electroactive polymer artificial muscle	2004	A type of wave buoys, built using special polymers, is being developed by SRI International.[76][77]
Wavebob	Wavebob	Ireland	Buoy	Offshore	Direct Drive Power Take off	1999	Wavebob have conducted some ocean trials, as well as extensive tank tests. It is an ocean-going heaving buoy, with a submerged tank which captures additional mass of seawater for added power and tunability, and as a safety feature (Tank "Venting")
Wavepiston	Wavepiston ApS	Denmark	Oscillating wave surge converter	Nearshore	Pump-to-shore (hydro-electric turbine)	2013	The idea behind this concept is to reduce the mooring means for wave energy structures. Wavepiston systems use vertical plates to exploit the horizontal movement in ocean waves. By attaching several plates in parallel on a single structure the forces applied on the structure by the plates will tend to neutralize each other. This neutralization reduces the required mooring means. “Force cancellation” is the term used by the inventors of the technology to describe the neutralization of forces. Test and numerical models prove that force cancellation reduces the means for mooring and structure to 1/10. The structure is a steel wire stretched between two mooring points. The wire is a strong and flexible structure well suited for off shore use. The mooring is slack mooring. When the vertical plates move back and forth they produce pressurized water. The pressurized water is transported to a turbine through PE pipes. A central turbine station then converts it to electric power. Calculations on the current design show capital cost of EUR 0,89 per installed watt.

WIKIPEDIA

marine -wave energy

Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work – for example,electricity generation, water desalination, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs). A machine able to exploit wave power is generally known as a wave energy converter (WEC).

• Waves effectively average out the wind that generates them over large areas which results in a high level of consistency compared to wind or solar. Only on very few days per year are waves too weak to generate electricity.

Types of power take-off include: hydraulic ram,elastomer hose pipe, pump-to-shore,hydroelectric turbine, air turbine, and linear electric generator.

more info coming later    :)

MARINE energy

The ocean can produce two types of energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat, and mechanical energy from the tides and waves.

They cover 70 % of earth.

THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
There are three types of electricity conversion systems: closed-cycle, open-cycle, and hybrid.

CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEMS:
Closed-cycle systems use the ocean's warm surface water to vaporize a working fluid, which has a low-boiling point, such as ammonia. The vapor expands and turns a turbine. The turbine then activates a generator to produce electricity.

OPEN CYCLE SYSTEMS:
Open-cycle systems actually boil the seawater by operating at low pressures. This produces steam that passes through a turbine/generator.

HYBRID SYSTEMS:
 And hybrid systems combine both closed-cycle and open-cycle systems.

MECHANICAl ENERGY SyStEMS
A  barrage (dam) is typically used to convert tidal energy into electricity by forcing the water through turbines, activating a generator. For wave energy conversion, there are three basic systems: channel systems that funnel the waves into reservoirs; float systems that drive hydraulic pumps; and oscillating water column systems that use the waves to compress air within a container. The mechanical power created from these systems either directly activates a generator or transfers to a working fluid, water, or air, which then drives a turbine/generator.